Unemployment in Morocco

The rate of unemployment in Morocco is estimated mainly, it varies between 9% according to official figures ( HCP , Ministry of Labour) and 15% according to independent surveys [ref. needed] .The absence of a premium of unemployment and an organization collecting the number of unemployed to a specific date can not be a census of the number of unemployed workforce. Should we still say that the data reported by official sources do not include the concept of underemployment that affects a large percentage of workers in the sectors of agriculture , the fishing maritime, construction, public works and the tourism , people who do not work permanently and stable [ref. needed] .The so-called informal economy escaping taxation prevents hundreds of thousands of workers to have their social security and pension system as is the case of workers in small family or personal business, car guards, the maids, janitors, street vendors, vendors on the sidewalk, the illegal trade of contraband cigarettes and, begging, smuggling ...). The same applies to the work of thousands of children under the age of 15 engaged in workshops in the areas of crafts, carpentry, mechanics, paint, food, etc.. Also, any number of "maids" driven by their poor families to work in the household less than 500 dirhams ( 50 euros ) per month, used round the clock and 7 days seven and deprived of any social protection. NSSF ( National Social Security Fund ) covers only 3.5 million members of a labor force of about 12 million people of working age [ref. needed] .
The employment situation has suffered during the years 1970 to 1980 of upsetting internal and external events: the increase in births of Moroccan families, the advent of oil shocks, lower parity dirham, the plan structural adjustment ... many events that have affected the financial stability of the state and therefore lower investment and employment promotion expenses. Social riots of 1981, 1984 and 1990 were not on the sidelines of this set of successive events.
L ' Europe , for its proximity, has been since the 1970s a valve to absorb the social and demographic pressure Moroccan. More than 3 million Moroccans, 10% of the population live and work, is theoretically an average of 100,000 expatriates per year over 30 years. The labor market in Morocco suffers a disorder in the distribution of income and a lack of state control, the difference between the minimum wage guaranteed by the State ( 2000 dirhams : 200 euros ) and the minister ( 70,000 dirhams : 7000 euros ) is exorbitant, or 37 times the minimum wage. The trade union is legalized by the constitution, but does not play an important role in improving conditions for workers [ref. needed] .His interventions are often theatrical and marked by the character of blackmail and deceit [ref. needed] .Random and repressive file management graduates unemployed for more than ten years proves the existence of mismanagement and a lack of visibility of ministry [ref. needed] .Since the political change in 1997, the economy has gradually opened the dismantling of tariffs, privatization, banking sector reform, reform of the labor code, the creation of industrial zones, tax Promotion , major public works and infrastructure ... giving some momentum to the labor market. Since the millennium, the employment situation has markedly improved compared to 1990, but the offer of employment can not cover all categories of job seekers, and does not touch some poor regions of the kingdom. The recent establishment of national agencies for the promotion of employment and skills (ANAPEC) and the introduction of compulsory health insurance (AMO) covering members of the CNSS and their families, reinforce efforts State undertaken to improve this situation. In the second quarter of 2011, Moroccan unemployment rate saw a slight increase to 8.7 pc